vonchess
Historical Chess Archives

World Chess Championships

Explore every official World Chess Championship match from 1886 to present. Study iconic duels, match statistics, and interactive analysis created by vonchess.

Total Matches35
Reigning ChampGukesh Dommaraju (2024)
Interactive Studies8
Showing 35 championship matchups
2024 Modern Era

2024 World Chess Championship

Ding Liren
Defender
Gukesh Dommaraju
Challenger
Score / Result:7.5 - 6.5
Winner:Gukesh Dommaraju
Location:Resorts World Sentosa, Singapore

18-year-old Indian prodigy Gukesh Dommaraju defeated defending champion Ding Liren in Singapore to become the youngest classical World Chess Champion in history.

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2023 Modern Era

2023 World Chess Championship

Ian Nepomniachtchi
Defender
Ding Liren
Challenger
Score / Result:9.5 - 8.5 (rapid tiebreak)
Winner:Ding Liren
Location:Astana, Kazakhstan

Following Magnus Carlsen stepping down, Ding Liren defeated Ian Nepomniachtchi after a thrilling rapid tiebreak game 4 (7.5-6.5 classical), becoming China’s first World Chess Champion.

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2021 Modern Era

2021 World Chess Championship

Magnus Carlsen
Defender
Ian Nepomniachtchi
Challenger
Score / Result:7.5 - 3.5
Winner:Magnus Carlsen
Location:Dubai, UAE

Magnus Carlsen defended his title for a fifth time, winning game 6 — the longest game in World Championship history at 136 moves — before pulling away with 4 wins in total.

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2018 Modern Era

2018 World Chess Championship

Magnus Carlsen
Defender
Fabiano Caruana
Challenger
Score / Result:9.0 - 6.0 (3.0 - 0.0 rapid tiebreak)
Winner:Magnus Carlsen
Location:London, United Kingdom

All 12 classical games ended in draws between the world #1 and #2. Carlsen dominated the rapid tiebreaks 3-0 to retain the crown.

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2016 Modern Era

2016 World Chess Championship

Magnus Carlsen
Defender
Sergey Karjakin
Challenger
Score / Result:9.0 - 7.0 (3.0 - 1.0 rapid tiebreak)
Winner:Magnus Carlsen
Location:New York City, USA

Karjakin struck first in game 8, but Carlsen equalized in game 10 and secured the title on his birthday with a queen sacrifice finish (50. Qh6+!!) in game 4 of rapid tiebreak.

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2014 Modern Era

2014 World Chess Championship

Magnus Carlsen
Defender
Viswanathan Anand
Challenger
Score / Result:6.5 - 4.5
Winner:Magnus Carlsen
Location:Sochi, Russia

A rematch of 2013 where Anand qualified via Candidates. Carlsen defended his title with wins in Games 2, 6, and 11.

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2013 Modern Era

2013 World Chess Championship

Viswanathan Anand
Defender
Magnus Carlsen
Challenger
Score / Result:6.5 - 3.5
Winner:Magnus Carlsen
Location:Chennai, India

Magnus Carlsen defeated 5-time champion Viswanathan Anand in Anand’s hometown without losing a game, starting the Carlsen Era in world chess.

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2012 Modern Era

2012 World Chess Championship

Viswanathan Anand
Defender
Boris Gelfand
Challenger
Score / Result:8.5 - 7.5 (2.5 - 1.5 rapid tiebreak)
Winner:Viswanathan Anand
Location:Moscow, Russia

Tied 6-6 in classical games after Gelfand won Game 7 and Anand quickly struck back in Game 8. Anand won the rapid tiebreak 2.5-1.5 to retain his crown.

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2010 Modern Era

2010 World Chess Championship

Viswanathan Anand
Defender
Veselin Topalov
Challenger
Score / Result:6.5 - 5.5
Winner:Viswanathan Anand
Location:Sofia, Bulgaria

Anand endured ash-cloud volcanic travel delays across Europe, lost game 1, but fought back and clinched the match in Game 12 with Black in Topalov’s home nation.

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2008 Modern Era

2008 World Chess Championship

Viswanathan Anand
Defender
Vladimir Kramnik
Challenger
Score / Result:6.5 - 4.5
Winner:Viswanathan Anand
Location:Bonn, Germany

Anand outprepared Kramnik with Black using the Semi-Slav Botvinnik & Meran variations, winning 3 classical games early to lock up the undisputed title.

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2007 Modern Era

2007 World Chess Championship

Vladimir Kramnik (Defending)
Defender
8-Player Double Round-Robin
Challenger
Score / Result:9.0 / 14 (+4 =10)
Winner:Viswanathan Anand
Location:Mexico City, Mexico

Viswanathan Anand played undefeated (9/14) ahead of Kramnik and Gelfand to win the Undisputed World Championship tournament.

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2006 Modern Era

2006 World Chess Championship

Vladimir Kramnik (Classical)
Defender
Veselin Topalov (FIDE)
Challenger
Score / Result:8.5 - 7.5 (2.5 - 1.5 rapid tiebreak)
Winner:Vladimir Kramnik
Location:Elista, Russia

The historic Reunification Match ending the 13-year split between Classical and FIDE titles. Kramnik defeated Topalov after tiebreaks despite the controversial "Toiletgate" dispute.

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2005 Split Era

2005 FIDE World Chess Championship

8-Player Tournament
Defender
Veselin Topalov
Challenger
Score / Result:10.0 / 14 (+6 =8)
Winner:Veselin Topalov
Location:San Luis, Argentina

Veselin Topalov produced an astonishing 6.5/7 first half to win the FIDE World Championship title ahead of Anand and Svidler.

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2004 Split Era

2004 Classical World Chess Championship

Vladimir Kramnik
Defender
Peter Leko
Challenger
Score / Result:7.0 - 7.0 (Kramnik retained)
Winner:Vladimir Kramnik
Location:Brissago, Switzerland

Kramnik was trailing Leko 6-7 going into the final game 14. In a must-win scenario with White, Kramnik delivered a crushing victory to draw the match 7-7 and retain his Classical title.

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2000 Split Era

2000 Classical World Chess Championship

Garry Kasparov
Defender
Vladimir Kramnik
Challenger
Score / Result:8.5 - 6.5
Winner:Vladimir Kramnik
Location:London, United Kingdom

In one of the biggest upsets in chess history, Kramnik used the impregnable Berlin Defense to neutralize Kasparov, defeating him 2.5-0.5 in decisive games without suffering a single loss.

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1995 Split Era

1995 PCA World Chess Championship

Garry Kasparov
Defender
Viswanathan Anand
Challenger
Score / Result:10.5 - 7.5
Winner:Garry Kasparov
Location:World Trade Center, New York, USA

Anand struck first in game 9, but Kasparov responded fiercely, winning 4 of the next 5 games to retain his PCA title atop the World Trade Center observation deck.

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1993 Split Era

1993 PCA World Chess Championship

Garry Kasparov
Defender
Nigel Short
Challenger
Score / Result:12.5 - 7.5
Winner:Garry Kasparov
Location:London, United Kingdom

Kasparov and Short split from FIDE to form the Professional Chess Association (PCA). Kasparov dominated the match with 6 wins, 13 draws, and 1 loss.

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1990 FIDE Era

1990 World Chess Championship

Garry Kasparov
Defender
Anatoly Karpov
Challenger
Score / Result:12.5 - 11.5
Winner:Garry Kasparov
Location:New York City, USA & Lyon, France

The 5th and final Kasparov-Karpov match. Kasparov retained his crown in Lyon by a single point margin after winning Game 20 in memorable tactical fashion.

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1987 FIDE Era

1987 World Chess Championship

Garry Kasparov
Defender
Anatoly Karpov
Challenger
Score / Result:12.0 - 12.0 (Kasparov retained)
Winner:Garry Kasparov
Location:Seville, Spain

Trailing 11-12 before game 24, Kasparov needed a win with White to retain his title. He delivered a tense positional win in game 24 to tie the match 12-12.

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1986 FIDE Era

1986 World Chess Championship

Garry Kasparov
Defender
Anatoly Karpov
Challenger
Score / Result:12.5 - 11.5
Winner:Garry Kasparov
Location:London, UK & Leningrad, USSR

Kasparov led by 3 points, Karpov mounted a comeback with 3 straight wins, but Kasparov steadied to win game 22 and win the rematch.

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1985 FIDE Era

1985 World Chess Championship

Anatoly Karpov
Defender
Garry Kasparov
Challenger
Score / Result:13.0 - 11.0
Winner:Garry Kasparov
Location:Moscow, USSR

At age 22, Garry Kasparov defeated Anatoly Karpov in game 24 with Black (Sicilian Scheveningen) to become the 13th World Champion and youngest champion in history.

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1984 FIDE Era

1984 World Chess Championship

Anatoly Karpov
Defender
Garry Kasparov
Challenger
Score / Result:5 - 3 (40 draws)
Winner:Unfinished / Aborted
Location:Moscow, USSR

The longest WCC match in history lasting 48 games over 5 months. Karpov led 5-0, Kasparov ground out 40 draws and 3 wins before FIDE President Campomanes terminated the match without result.

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1981 FIDE Era

1981 World Chess Championship

Anatoly Karpov
Defender
Viktor Korchnoi
Challenger
Score / Result:6.0 - 2.0 (10 draws)
Winner:Anatoly Karpov
Location:Merano, Italy

Karpov convincingly defended his title against Soviet dissident Korchnoi in Merano, winning 6 games to 2 with 10 draws.

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1978 FIDE Era

1978 World Chess Championship

Anatoly Karpov
Defender
Viktor Korchnoi
Challenger
Score / Result:6.0 - 5.0 (21 draws)
Winner:Anatoly Karpov
Location:Baguio City, Philippines

A psychological battlefield in Baguio featuring parapsychologists and mirror sunglasses. Karpov led 5-2, Korchnoi tied 5-5, but Karpov won game 32 to win 6-5.

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1975 FIDE Era

1975 World Chess Championship

Bobby Fischer
Defender
Anatoly Karpov
Challenger
Score / Result:Default (Forfeit)
Winner:Anatoly Karpov (Default)
Location:Manila, Philippines (Proposed)

Bobby Fischer refused to defend his title after FIDE rejected his condition for retaining title on 9-9. Anatoly Karpov was declared the 12th World Champion by default.

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1972 FIDE Era

1972 World Chess Championship

Boris Spassky
Defender
Bobby Fischer
Challenger
Score / Result:12.5 - 8.5
Winner:Bobby Fischer
Location:Reykjavik, Iceland

The legendary Cold War "Match of the Century". Fischer lost game 1 and forfeited game 2, but stormed back with dominant play to break 24 years of Soviet hegemony.

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1969 FIDE Era

1969 World Chess Championship

Tigran Petrosian
Defender
Boris Spassky
Challenger
Score / Result:12.5 - 10.5
Winner:Boris Spassky
Location:Moscow, USSR

Spassky returned for a second challenge against Iron Tigran Petrosian, winning 6 games to 4 to become the 10th World Champion.

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1963 FIDE Era

1963 World Chess Championship

Mikhail Botvinnik
Defender
Tigran Petrosian
Challenger
Score / Result:12.5 - 9.5
Winner:Tigran Petrosian
Location:Moscow, USSR

Tigran Petrosian used prophylactic mastery to defeat Botvinnik (+5 =15 -2), ending the patriarch’s era as FIDE abolished rematch clauses.

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1960 FIDE Era

1960 World Chess Championship

Mikhail Botvinnik
Defender
Mikhail Tal
Challenger
Score / Result:12.5 - 8.5
Winner:Mikhail Tal
Location:Moscow, USSR

23-year-old "Magician from Riga" Mikhail Tal dazzled the chess world with intuitive sacrificial combinations, defeating Botvinnik 6-2 in wins.

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1937 Early Era

1937 World Chess Championship

Max Euwe
Defender
Alexander Alekhine
Challenger
Score / Result:15.5 - 9.5
Winner:Alexander Alekhine
Location:Netherlands

Alekhine retook the World Championship crown in convincing fashion (+10 =11 -4), proving his preparation and physical condition.

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1935 Early Era

1935 World Chess Championship

Alexander Alekhine
Defender
Max Euwe
Challenger
Score / Result:15.5 - 14.5
Winner:Max Euwe
Location:Netherlands

Dutch mathematics professor Max Euwe scored a famous upset over Alekhine to become the 5th World Chess Champion.

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1927 Early Era

1927 World Chess Championship

José Raúl Capablanca
Defender
Alexander Alekhine
Challenger
Score / Result:18.5 - 15.5 (6-3 in wins)
Winner:Alexander Alekhine
Location:Buenos Aires, Argentina

Alekhine shocked Capablanca after 34 grueling classical games (+6 =25 -3) to claim the crown in Buenos Aires.

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1921 Early Era

1921 World Chess Championship

Emanuel Lasker
Defender
José Raúl Capablanca
Challenger
Score / Result:9.0 - 5.0 (4-0 in wins)
Winner:José Raúl Capablanca
Location:Havana, Cuba

Capablanca defeated Lasker in Havana without losing a single game (+4 =10 -0), ending Lasker’s record 27-year reign.

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1894 Early Era

1894 World Chess Championship

Wilhelm Steinitz
Defender
Emanuel Lasker
Challenger
Score / Result:12.0 - 7.0 (10-5 in wins)
Winner:Emanuel Lasker
Location:New York, Philadelphia, & Montreal

26-year-old mathematician Emanuel Lasker defeated 58-year-old Steinitz to start the longest reign in world championship history.

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1886 Early Era

1886 World Chess Championship

Wilhelm Steinitz
Defender
Johannes Zukertort
Challenger
Score / Result:12.5 - 7.5 (10-5 in wins)
Winner:Wilhelm Steinitz
Location:New York, St. Louis & New Orleans, USA

The inaugural official World Chess Championship match. Wilhelm Steinitz rallied from 1-4 down to defeat Zukertort and become the first official World Champion.

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